P3SLCM06 – Field Command by Sid Heal

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During a crisis, risk manifests itself as:

A - Personal risk; that is, physical or emotional harm to self.

B - Risk to others; that is, peril to subordinates or bystanders.

C - Organizational risk; that is, a potential for loss of equipment, assets or even prestige.

D - At any given time, risk may be manifested by any or all of the above.

E - Only personal risk and risk to others are important.

The OODA loop is prescriptive, rather than descriptive. That is, in order to be effective, it must be used to gain advantages in tactical operations.

True

False

Of the following types of crises, which tends to be unique to the law enforcement and military disciplines?

A - Mechanical—resulting from a failure in a manmade object such as a train crash or bridge failure

B - Natural resulting from the forces of nature such as a storm, wildfire, or earthquake

C - Conflicts—resulting when one or more adversarial interests are in active opposition, such as a riot, vehicle pursuit or barricaded suspect

D - Technical—resulting in a failure of a computer network such as an electrical grid, water supply, mass transit or communications systems

E - All of the above are examples of crises and are equally likely to be confronted by law enforcement and/or the military

1Tactical science is more closely related to the “soft sciences,” such as psychology and sociology because no formulas or algorithms can be used to guarantee an outcome such as those of the “hard sciences” like chemistry, mathematics or physics.

True

False

15In law enforcement, crises usually take the form of natural disasters, mechanical accidents or conflicts with adversaries. Which of the following is correct?

A - Natural disasters are the most difficult to handle because they pose so much unpredictability.

B - Adversarial are the most difficult to resolve because an adversary is actively attempting to thwart the will of the commander.

C - Mechanical disasters, such as railroad derailments and airplane crashes are the most complex because of all the “moving parts” involved.

D - The consequences of fires, floods, storms, and the like, are clearly beyond human intervention to attenuate.

E - All of the above are correct.

24Pattern recognition, pattern completion and pattern correction are all used by the brain to make decisions. Which of the following is not correct?

A - The brain is so good at recognizing patterns that it sees patterns even when none were intended.

B - Because of pattern recognition, a huge amount of information can be captured from a very small amount of space, such as a graphic, icon, or symbol.

C - Once a pattern is recognized, even missing elements can be extrapolated.

D - Pattern correction is another powerful tool for the brain, and it can make sense from patterns that are completely incomprehensible to computers.

E - While pattern recognition, pattern completion and pattern correction are important, they play a relatively minor role when compared with personal experience.

18A tactical dilemma is simply a choice between two or more disagreeable alternatives.

True

False

Experience has demonstrated that the best tactical commanders are those who insist on having all the facts before they make important decisions.

True

False

25A center of gravity is something that is required for success. Which of the following is an accurate characteristic for a center of gravity?

A - May be tangible—that is, it can be seen, touched, felt, takes up space, has weight, etc.

B - May be intangible—that is, it may manifest itself as an emotion, commitment, determination, morale and as such can be described but not seen or felt.

C - May not always be present—that is, center of gravities are common but not inherently present.

D - None of the above are accurate characteristics for a center of gravity.

E - A & B but not C

Generally, the more intricate the plan the better because it removes the confusion inherent in disaster responses and emergency management.

True

False

Ultimately, tactical responses are always human activities and fraught with all the human frailties.

True

False

16The principle that involves the movement of personnel and support to gain an advantage is:

A - Surprise

B - Mobility

C - Mass

D - Maneuver

E - None of the above

An Emerging Multi-Organizational Network (sometimes referred to by the acronym EMON) has six distinct characteristics. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an EMON?

A - They are Crisis Driven—meaning that they only exist during and in response to a crisis of some sort.

B - They are Time Sensitive—because they are formed to respond to a crisis, which is inherently time sensitive, they must also be time sensitive and often are of different sizes and compositions at various stages of an operation.

C - They are Self-Evolving meaning that they evolve in response to a crisis with or without deliberate oversight.

D - They are Task Oriented—that is they are focused on the accomplishment of tactical objectives and participants have no other competing, collateral duties.

E - All of the above are factors in an EMON.

6In many ways, the nine principles of war are like the alphabet or multiplication tables. This is because they provide an infrastructure or mental check list to help organize thoughts, evaluate influences, provide insight and speed up effective decision making.

True

False

21As with space, when maneuvering in time congestion can occur. This problem can easily lead to OBE (Overwhelmed by Events) and refers to which maneuver element?

A - Opportunity

B - Tempo

C - Initiative

D - Density

E - None of the above

One method of reducing risk is by seeking better, timelier and more accurate information. The major obstacle to this approach is usually time.

True

False

7Because of harsh time constraints, certainty is never completely attainable and organizations attempting to intervene must react in which of the following ways?

A - Either increase its information gathering and processing capability or wait until all the facts are known.

B - Either increase its information gathering and processing capability or operate on the basis of less information.

C - Either reduce the need for reliable information or insist on more and better information from intelligence gatherers.

D - Avoid intervention until all the facts are known or insist upon all available information from intelligence gathering and processing assets.

E - None of the above is correct.

4When it comes to tactical operations, the consequences of ignorance are often manifested by:

A - Forcing a commander to make decisions without being aware of any supporting doctrine.

B - Increased civil liability coupled with an inadequate defense.

C - Potential tactical fiascoes because of inappropriate responses.

D - All of the above may be consequences of ignorance of tactical science.

E - None of the above is likely.

13All tactical operations are time sensitive. Operations which involve adversaries are also time competitive.

True

False

20When maneuvering in time, three maneuver elements are critical. These are:

A - Tempo, Initiative and Opportunity

B - Density, Momentum and Opportunity

C - Tempo, Inertia and Momentum

D - Density, Initiative and Tempo

E - Momentum, Tempo and Initiative

23In Boyd’s “OODA loop” Orientation is critical in making tactical decisions because the situation is too chaotic and fluid to process information as fast as we can observe it.

True

False

8When examining tactical disasters, four shortcomings seemed to account for a majority of the failures. Which of the following was not mentioned?

A - Misplaced Confidence

B - Failure to Learn—neglecting or ignoring previous lessons

C - Failure to Adapt—tactics practiced as a “skill set” rather than an intuitive application of “tried and true” principles

D - Failure to Anticipate—lack of adequate planning or preparation

E - All of the above are common shortcomings and have led to tactical fiascoes.

2Failing to understand the nature of crises can lead to decisions based upon false assumptions.

True

False

17An asymmetric strategy is one which:

A - Relies heavily on “tried and true” procedures and protocols.

B - Succeeds by employing the same type of force, albeit greater, against a similar force.

C - Beats opponents by simply wearing them down.

D - Exploits an adversary’s weakness in some manner, often by surprise.

E - Succeeds by using the adversaries’ own weapons and tactics against them.

22Initiative refers to the freedom of action or ability to carry through. While it usually involves some action, it does not require it.

True

False

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Sunday, March 27

Mitch Javidi